Dental OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) Practice Exam

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What eye condition is a sign of Graves Disease?

Dry eyes
Bulging eyes
Red eyes
Itchy eyes

The correct answer is: Bulging eyes

Bulging eyes, known as exophthalmos or proptosis, is a hallmark sign of Graves' disease, which is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition. In Graves' disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. This can trigger inflammation and swelling in the tissues behind the eyes, causing them to protrude. This eye condition is a direct result of the excess thyroid hormones affecting the muscles and fatty tissues around the eyes, resulting in the characteristic bulging appearance. It is important to identify this condition, as it can lead to further complications such as vision impairment or discomfort. The presence of exophthalmos may also serve as a diagnostic clue for healthcare professionals when assessing patients with suspected thyroid-related issues. Other options like dry, red, or itchy eyes may be related to various ocular conditions or allergies but are not specifically indicative of Graves' disease. These other conditions do not involve the same underlying autoimmune process affecting the eyes as seen in exophthalmos.